HTML
> Only Text Editing and Formatting available
> Conditional
& looping Statements, Operators, Data-types & Variables are not
available. >Forms available but not available any manipulation on its data.
Java
Script/VB Script - All facilities are available, which
are missing in HTML.
*
In Java Script/VB Script, stand alone programming not possible and always
associated with any mark up language like HTML or DHTML.
HTML -
Hyper Text Markup Language
DHTML -
Dynamic Hyper Text Markup Language
Web Browser:
- MS Internet Explorer
- Mozilla FireFox (Open source)
- Google Chrome
- Netscape Navigator
*
There is no specific Program Editor (IDE) for HTML/DHTML. We can write program code
in any text editor and display output of a web page in any web browser.
Software:
-
Licensee Software
-
Freeware
-
Open Source
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Short
Cut
|
Full
Form
|
WWW
|
World
Wide Web
|
W3C
|
World
Wide Web Consortium (An Organization)
|
TCP/IP
|
Transmission
Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
|
HTTP
|
Hyper
Text Transfer Protocol
|
FTP
|
File
Transfer Protocol
|
HTML
|
Hypertext
Markup Language
|
DHTML
|
Dynamic
Hypertext Markup Language
|
XML
|
eXtensible
Markup language
|
XHTML
|
eXtensible
Hyper Text Markup Language
|
CSS
|
Cascading
Style Sheet
|
XSL
|
eXtensible
Style-Sheet Language
|
DOM
|
Document
Object Model
|
URL
|
Uniform
Resource Locator
|
Domain Name System (DNS)
1) generic Top Level Domain (gTLD)
2) country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD)
generic Top Level Domain (gTLD)
|
|
.com
|
Commercial
Website
|
.org
|
Organization
|
.gov
|
Government
Department
|
.edu
|
Educational
Institutional Institute
|
.net
|
Network
Organization
|
.int
|
International
Organization
|
.mil
|
US
Military
|
.biz
|
Business
|
.info
|
Information
|
.tv
|
Television
|
Example:
HYPERLINK
"http://www.amazon.com"
www.google.com
www.amity.edu
www.olx.com
www.prsuonline.com
www.homeshop18.com
www.ebay.com
www.freecharge.com
www.mldcollege.com
www.cgbse.net
country code Top Level Domain
(ccTLD)
|
|
.in
|
India
|
.us
|
United
State, America
|
.uk
|
United kingdom,
England
|
.jp
|
Japan
|
.pk
|
Pakistan
|
.de
|
Germany
|
.ch
|
Switzerland
|
Example:
HYPERLINK
"http://www.ignou.ac.in"
www.amazon.in
www.ebay.in
www.google.co.in
www.prsu.ac.in
www.cgvyapam.gov.in
www.songs.pk
Special
Domain:
.ac => for
Academic
.co => for
Company
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Website
/ Webpage - A webpage is a hypertext document in Internet. It may
contain texts, images, animated objects, videos, tables, data forms, etc. A website is a collection of interconnected web pages. In
internet, a website can be either static or dynamic.
A webpage can be designed simply using a most popular markup language HTML.
Example:
HTML -
Hypertext Markup Language is an internet (Client Side) programming
language which is used to develop web pages. This is a Platform
Independent Programming language because it can be programmed and run
any computer system. This is a TAG based
programming language. There are a number of HTML editors are available to
create web pages, like MS FrontPage, MS Expression Web Designer, Adobe
Dreamweaver, Eclipse, NetBeans, Amaya, CoffeeCup, Notepad++, etc. We can also use
any of text editors to write HTML codes like Notepad
in Windows OS. After writing the program code, we can use any Web Browser to display output / preview of webpage. There
are many popular web browsers available, like MS Internet Explorer, Netscape
Navigator, Mozilla FireFox, Google Chrome, etc. Extension of any HTML document
is .html.
This is not a full featured (pure)
programming language because it does not provide many programming features like
data types, variables, operators, decision making and looping statements, etc.
It is also not a case sensitive programming
language. We are currently used HTML version 4.0.
<B>
PGDCA
</B>
<P ALIGN=”CENTER”>
CLASS
-------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------
</P>
<BR>
<IMG SRC=”FLOWER.JPG” HEIGHT=”100” WIDTH=”150”>
TAG Ã
HTML provides various statements which are used
to create a web page, these statements are called TAGS. A tag contains under an Angle Bracket < > and almost every tag has both opening (start) and closing (end) tags. Some tags are not
required closing (end) tag.
Almost
every tag may have two components:
- Contents
- Attributes
with a specific value.
<FONT> - Opening (Start) Tag
</FONT> - Closing (End) Tag
<FONT COLOR= “RED”
SIZE= “5”>
Hello Computer
</FONT>
<B>
World Wide Web </B>
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
There are two types of tags:
1)
Container Tag -
Some HTML tags may have contents (text), so it is called Container Tag tag. It may have attribute
/ property. Like <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY>, <TITLE>, <B>,
<I>, <U>, <P>, etc.
<P ALIGN=“RIGHT”>
This is a paragraph
Related to HTML
</P>
2) Empty tag -
Some HTML tags may have NO contents (text), called empty tag. It does not required
Closing/End tag. But it may have attribute / property. Like <BR>,
<HR>, <IMG>, etc.
<IMG SRC=“FLOWER.JPG” HEIGHT=“200” WIDTH=“300”>
Note:
Some container tags may have NO attribute and value.
Ex: <B>, <I>, <U>,
etc.
<B> Webpage Design </B>
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Any
web page contains two parts / section:
1)
Head Section -
It contains information about web page / web site, company name, author, language
information, version, etc.
2)
Body section -
It contains actual contents of a webpage like text, image, animation, table,
sound, video, data form, etc.
Basic Structure of any HTML document:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
Information related to web
page, author, company name, search key, etc.
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Text
Image
Hyperlink
Animation
Video
Table
Data Form
</BODY>
</HTML>
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
<HTML>
Tag - This
is the first tag of any webpage and start writing the program code. It starts
any HTML document and contains everything like <Head>, <Body> and
<!DOCTYPE>. Start and End tags both are required
and supported by all the browsers like MS Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox,
Google Chrome, Netscape Navigator, Opera Browser, etc.
Note:
<!DOCTYPE> is a non executable tag, this
tag is used for writing documentation and comments in the webpage.
<HEAD>
Tag - It
contains the head of an HTML document which holds information about the web
document, such as its title, search keyword, language information, author,
version, etc. Start and End tags both are required and supported by all the
browsers.
Attribute
|
Specification
and Value
|
LINK
|
It
indicates a relationship between the document and another objects
|
META
|
Header
information
|
SCRIPT
|
It
holds programming script statement such as Java Script or VB Script
|
<TITLE>
Tag à - It
contains the title of the web page which will appear / display in web browser title bar. It is used by search engine to refer the
document or search the web page. Each <TITLE> element required both start
and end tags and supported by all the browsers.
<META>
Tag - It
gives more information about your web page, it includes meta data about your
web page. It is mainly used for search engine to
search the web page or web site. We specify all the “keywords” here which helps
to search the web pages by a search engine on internet. Only start tag is required and supported by all the
browsers.
Attribute
|
Specification
and Value
|
CONTENT
|
We
can specify some keywords or note for search engine
|
Example:
<! An Example of web page DEMO.HTML>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My First Web Page </TITLE>
<META
NAME = “PtRSU” CONTENT = “Private College; Raipur ; PGDCA; DCA;
BCA; Computer Science; Higher Education”>
</HEAD>
<BODY
BGCOLOR=“YELLOW” TEXT=“RED”>
<H1>
PtRSU, Raipur </H1>
A
number of Courses are available
<BR>
related
to Computer Science & Commerce
</BODY>
</HTML>
Note:
(1)
The tag <!DOCTYPE> is never come inside of the <HTML> tag
(2)
The tags <TITLE> & <META> are
always come under <HEAD> tag, header section of the document.
(3)
<!DOCTYPE> and <META> are
Optional.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
BODY SECTION:
<BODY>
Tag - It contains
the body of HTML document. It includes the contents that will actually appears (display)
in the web browser. The entire contents of the
web pages are placed in the <BODY> tag.
The content of body section may be text, image, graphics, tables, sound, video,
animated object or data forms. Start & end tags both are required and supported
by all the browsers.
Attribute
|
Specification
and Value
|
BGCOLOR
|
It specifies
browser’s background colour
|
TEXT
|
It specifies
the colour of the body text
|
LINK
|
It defines the colour of link which is not visited.
|
ALINK
|
It defines the colour of Active link.
|
VLINK
|
It defines the colour of Visited link.
|
SCROLL
|
It specifies
whether a vertical scroll bar appear to the right of the web document (Yes or No)
|
STYLE
|
Inline
styling is used to apply a unique style (or formatting) to a single HTML
element / tag.
|
Example:
<!
BODYPAGE.HTML>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My College </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=“YELLOW” TEXT=“MAROON”>
<H2>
Example program </H2>
<P
ALIGN=“JUSTIFY”>
……………
…………...
…………...
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Predefined colours in Internet
explorer (IE):
- Internet explorer supports more then
70 colours, some of them are given below:
RED GREEN BLUE WHITE BLACK
AQUA GRAY LIME NAVY PURPLE
SILVER FUCHSIA MAROON OLIVE TEAL
CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW
RGB - CMYK
- We can also create or specify
some new colours using colour values (codes). Colour
values are expressed as RR GG BB, where RR is the value of RED component, GG is
the value of GREEN component and BB is the value of BLUE component. Each colour
component value ranging from “0 to 255” or “00 to FF” (Hexadecimal equivalent).
Colour values are expressed with Sharp (#)
symbol.
Example
:
RED #FF0000
GREEN #00FF00
BLUE #0000FF
WHITE #FFFFFF
BLACK #000000
YELLOW #FFFF00
LIME #008000
AQUA #00FFFF
FUCHSIA #FF00FF
GRAY #808080
MAROON #800000
NAVY #000080
OLIVE #808000
PURPLE #800080
SILVER #C0C0C0
TEAL #008080
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Comment
tag : <!----comment---->
This tag is used to write comments anywhere in the web page. We can read
comments in the HTML program but it will not be
displayed in the web browser. Only start tag is required and supported
by all the browsers. There is no attribute for this tag.
<P>
Paragraph tag: This
tag is used to write paragraph text in webpage and adds space before the
paragraph. Start and End tags both are required and supported by all the browsers.
Attribute
|
Specification
and Value
|
ALIGN
|
LEFT,
RIGHT, CENTER, JUSTIFY
|
<Hn> Heading Tag: We can create web page HEADING using this tag, like headlines. Here value of ‘n’ can vary from 1 to 6. H1 is the biggest and H6
is the smallest in size. Start and End tags both are required and supported by all
the browsers.
Ex:
<H1> COMPUTER COURSE </H1>
Attribute
|
Specification
and Value
|
ALIGN
|
LEFT,
RIGHT, CENTER
|
STYLE
|
Inline
styling is used to apply a unique style (or formatting) to a single HTML
element (tag).
|
TITLE
|
Title
of the tag (like “ToolTipText” in VB)
|
Example:
<!
HEADING.HTML>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Information
about My College </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR ="YELLOW" TEXT="#00FF55">
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER"> My College
</H1>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER"> Available
courses </H2>
<H3> BCA </H3>
<H3> PGDCA </H3>
<H3> DCA </H3>
</BODY>
</HTML>
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
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